The Embryological Origin of the Allostatic Systems: An Integrative Theory of Development, Epigenetic Programming, and Adaptation
Abstract:
This article introduces an original theory on the embryological origin of allostasis, challenging the classical view that situates its emergence primarily in postnatal neuroendocrine systems. We propose that allostasis begins during early embryogenesis through a hierarchical cascade of primary organizers. The Nieuwkoop center initiates this process by inducing the Spemann–Mangold organizer, which establishes the first integra tive morphogenetic field via gradients of BMP antagonists, defining the dorsoventral axis and neural plate specification. From this organizer arises the notochord, functioning as a centralized morphogenetic hub that emits Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and other signals to orchestrate the development of precursors for the Psycho logical, Immunological, Neurological, and Endocrine (PINE) systems. These systems form the foundational architecture for lifelong adaptive regulation. Perinatal epigenetic programming acts as a transversal mem ory mechanism, stabilizing and calibrating this design while preserving plasticity across the lifespan. In this framework, resilience represents the optimal expression of an integrated allostatic system. This perspective redefines allostasis as the functional continuation of embryonic principles of morphogenesis and opens new avenues for predictive and preventive strategies targeting the developmental origins of health and disease.
