The Effect of Denturewearing and Fixed Orthodontic Appliance on Increasing the Colonization Rate of Candida in the Oral Cavity
Abstract:
Background and Objectives: Despite the fact that Candida spp. belong to the normal oral microbiota, living on the tongue, gums, palate and saliva of healthy individuals as commensal yeasts, they can cause oral or oropharyngeal infections. The objective of this study was to assess the colony forming unit (CFU) of oral candida from the buccal mucosa between 3 cluster of individuals who had removable or fixed prostheses (denture) and fixed orthodontic appliance (FOA) comparing with normal teeth control group.
Subjects and Methods: The investigational group was selected from denture and orthodontic patients whom were examined clinically as soon as to get baseline information before any active treatment for dental infections. The cluster included 104 denture patients; 104 fixed orthodontic appliance (FOA) patients and 102 controls. The study included 130 males, 180 females (mean age 37.01 ± 20.9 years). Clinical, demographic data and risk factors were collected in standard questionnaire then mucosa of each participants was first swabbed and then placed in liquid medium, and then, after successive dilutions were created and applied to the Sabouraud’s dextrose agar, the CFU was calculated after 24 hours, or at what point a single layer of candida had formed on the Sabouraud’s dextrose agar at any dilution level.
Results: There was a significant correlation between the increase of candida colonization of the bucall mucusa with the prosthesis (denture), and FOA where the mean ± SD was 96.2 ± 55.4 CFU/mL and 83.8 ± 51.7 CFU/mL respectively greater than 57.8 ± 45.2 CFU/mL for the normal controls, indicating the enhancement of the effect of the prosthesis and FOA on the heavy colonization of candida in the oral cavity (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was no significant variation in the mean ± SD or difference in buccal CFU for oral Candida species in relation to sex and age groups.
Conclusion: Patients with dentures and FOA showed higher buccal CFU readings than normal controls without prostheses, indicating a higher risk of plaque adhesion in patients with dentures and FOA.
