Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Abstract:
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive loss of renal function, often remaining asymptomatic until advanced stages. Alterations in mineral metabolism, particularly involving phosphorus, parathy roid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D, play a crucial role in bone health and disease progression in CKD. Identifying modifiable factors in earlier stages may help delay renal deterioration and related complications.
Objective: To analyze the relationship between mineral metabolism parameters and renal function in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease, with particular focus on factors associated with bone mineral density and disease progression.
Methods: A prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted in the province of Córdoba, Spain, involv ing patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with stage 3 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate 30–60 ml/min/1.73 m²). Participants were followed for one year. Clinical, biochemical, and renal function parameters were collected, including PTH levels, fractional phosphorus excretion, and glomerular filtration rate.
Results: A positive correlation was observed between parathyroid hormone levels and fractional phosphorus excre tion (R² = 0.1837), though with notable variability. Additionally, glomerular filtration rate demonstrated a negative correlation with age (R² = 0.2686), indicating a moderate decline in renal function with increasing age.
Conclusions: The weak association between PTH and phosphorus excretion suggests that additional regulatory mechanisms influence mineral metabolism in CKD. The inverse relationship between age and renal function aligns with established patterns of renal aging. These findings highlight the complex interaction between mineral metab olism and kidney function and support the importance of early monitoring and intervention in patients with stage 3 CKD.
