Physico-chemical Characterization of Surface Water and Pollutant Load of Effluent Discharge by a Bottling Company into Woji Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Abstract:
Indiscriminate disposal of wastewater without treatment into water bodies has been a menace by generating high levels of pollutants causing adverse effects on the water quality, the aquatic life as well as the fauna and flora of rivers, making it unsuitable for drinking and poses a greater risk to the human health. This study was an assessment of the physico-chemical characterization of surface water and pollutant load of effluent discharge by a Bottling Company into Woji Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The creek, which serves as a receptacle for industrial, domestic, and agricultural wastes, has been subjected to chronic pollution. Surface water and sediment samples were collect ed from six (6) stations; one control station upstream and five other sampling stations 100m apart and downstream from the NBC effluent discharge point. Physicochemical parameters were investigated following standard analyt ical methods. Sediment was collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm. Field measurements and laboratory analyses were conducted to determine pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS), sulphate, phos phate and nitrate. The results revealed significant variations in water quality parameters, indicating pollution from NBC's effluent discharges, pH levels ranged from 4.10 to 6.43 (which is below DPR limits of 6.5-8.5). Elevated levels of BOD, COD, and TDS exceeded national and international standards. The study also observed changes in the creek's aquatic life, including reduced species diversity and abundance. The findings highlight the need for improved wastewater management practices and stricter regulatory enforcement to mitigate environmental pollu tion. Recommendations include regular monitoring, treatment upgrades, and implementation of best management practices to minimize pollution and protect the creek's ecological integrity.
