Exposure and Biological Impacts Assessment of Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation
Abstract:
For many years, there has been increased interest in the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation exposure on the biological systems because of the possible health risks it poses. Numerous researchers studying radiation in the fields of biology, medical physics, medicine, and agriculture have been interested in these impacts of electromagnetic field (EMF) alterations on biological systems. The objective of this review is to examine the biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (NIEMFs) on biological systems of the human body, plants, and animals based on past and new studies. The use of electrical equipment as an artificial source of NIEMFs in recent years has significantly increased the amount of exposure that people experience on a daily basis. The steady increase in the usage of mobile phones, electric power lines, and home appliances throughout the world over the past 20 years has spurred economic growth but also directly and indirectly caused significant harm to the environment, people, and animals. Non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones, radio-based stations, phone towers, and high-voltage power lines has been linked to a number of health effects, including an increased risk of cancer, chromosomal effects, infertility, and abortion in humans, as well as negative effects in animals, birds, and other species. Although the use of this radiation from mobile phones, power lines, and appliances has sharply increased, there is a dearth of accurate information regarding the risks. From this study, it is clear that the kind, intensity, and length of the field's exposure all have a direct bearing on the biological impacts of NIEMF. The review presents the research data based on multiple studies and any knowledge gaps that might exist. Additionally, the current study highlights the reports, studies, and literature that are accessible on this topic and will aid in the development of guidelines for the public's exposure limits. The biological impact of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation is typically a major problem in the literature and a source of debate among scientists. In order to determine the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, it was proposed that more follow-up studies with a larger number of samples be conducted. These outcomes can be both repairing and harmful.
