Abstract: Journal of Human Augmentation, Exoskeletons and Prosthetic Interfaces

Abstract:
Prime numbers, the indivisible building blocks of arithmetic, hold both mathematical elegance and immense practical significance. In cryptography they form the foundation of secure communication systems, most no tably in public-key encryption methods such as RSA. This review highlights key concepts from number theory –divisibility, modular arithmetic, and primality testing-and their direct applications in cryptographic algo rithms. The security of prime-based systems relies on the difficulty of factoring large composite numbers, mak ing large primes essential for robust encryption. The study also examines algorithms for generating verifying primes, the role of randomization in key creation, and emerging challenges posed by quantum computing. By connecting theoretical principles real –world applications, this work reveals how prime numbers safeguard digital information while showcasing their timeless mathematical beauty.