Contextual Fear, Anxiety and Motor Impairments Induced by Ketamine Neurotoxicity and the Roles of Curcuma Longa in Female Wistar Rats
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the roles of Curcuma longa in ketamine-induced motor impairments, anxiety, and contextual fear caused by alterations in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and cerebellum.
Methods: The thirty-five female Wistar rats were assigned into five groups of seven rats. Group A served as a control; Group B received ketamine only. Groups C, D, and E were treated with 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg, and 600mg/kg of extract, respectively. The Elevated Plus Maze and open field test (OFP) assessed locomotion, anxiety, and fear, while GPx, GOT, GST, GR, GSH, and GPO were evaluated using the serum.
Results: After each induction, behaviours like hallucinations, long sleeping time, staggering, heavy breathing, and restlessness upon waking up were noted. There was a significant reduction in voracious locomotion, anxiety, and fear in the treated group, while serum concentrations of GPx, GOT, and GST significantly decreased (Fig. 6). The concentrations of GPO, GSH, and GR significantly increased at P<0.05 (Fig. 5) in treated groups. The tissue sections showed mild healing after treatment with Curcuma longa.
Conclusion: Curcuma longa can ameliorate ketamine toxicity and should be part of daily meals capable of improving motor activities.
