Abstract:
Background: Colchicine, a plant-derived alkaloid, is commonly used for treating gout and inflammatory disorders. However, its narrow therapeutic window makes it highly toxic in overdose cases. This study provides a comprehen sive review of colchicine intoxication, focusing on its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. A case study of a patient with fatal colchicine toxicity is also analyzed to highlight the severity of its effects and the importance of early intervention.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted using case reports, clinical studies, and toxicology research on colchi cine intoxication. A case study involving a 67-year-old woman with prolonged colchicine use was included to illus trate the clinical presentation, progression, and challenges in management. The pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetic, and treatment protocols were examined, alongside a review of prevention and regulatory measures.
Results: Colchicine intoxication progresses through three phases: early gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vom iting, diarrhea), systemic toxicity with multi-organ involvement (bone marrow suppression, cardiac dysfunction, renal failure), and potential recovery or fatality. In the case study, the patient exhibited severe metabolic acidosis, hypotension, and multi-organ failure, ultimately leading to death despite intensive care [1-3]. Early decontami nation with activated charcoal, aggressive supportive care, and close monitoring of organ functions are essential. Hemodialysis is ineffective due to colchicine’s extensive tissue distribution, but granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) may mitigate bone marrow suppression.
Conclusion: Colchicine poisoning remains a life-threatening condition with high mortality, especially in cases of delayed diagnosis. Clinical awareness and early intervention are crucial for improving outcomes. Future research should focus on developing targeted antidotes and refining treatment strategies. Public health initiatives, including patient education and prescription guidelines, are necessary to minimize overdose risk and ensure safe colchicine use.
