Analyzing the Impacts of Eco-Tourism and Climate Change on the Hundred Island National Park
Abstract:
The study investigates the connection between coastal areas and the ocean, focusing on the Hundred Islands National Park (HINP) in the Philippines. It explores how marine communities rely on, engage with and respond to changes in their ocean environments, mainly when faced with environmental and climate issues. The research draws on qualitative approaches and involves interviews with fisherfolk, indigenous groups, tourism operators and local government oficials. By following the Social-Ecological Framework and the DPSIR (Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, Response) model, the analysis explored the interaction between social and environmental factors. Findings show that fishing, tourism, and cultural practices form the foundation of coastal livelihoods and identity. However, communities are increasingly affected primarily by increasing tourism and climate change, which re- sulted to declining fish stocks, extreme weather, and coastal degradation. Although government agencies aim for long-term conservation, many local people believe they are not involved in key decisions and planning. In spite of these problems, communities are finding ways to adapt by using sustainable methods, diversifying their income and relying on traditional ecological knowledge. The study underscores the need for more inclusive, participatory governance that bridges scientific and local perspectives. Strengthening community-based approaches and align- ing them with national policies can support both environmental sustainability and social resilience. The findings underscore the importance of empowering coastal communities as key partners in marine conservation and cli- mate adaptation. The study also highlights and provides valuable guidance for MSP practitioners. Furthermore, the study highlights and identified that community/stakeholders’ engagement is crucial for which is one of the key components or enabling conditions for the MSP framework to be effective through structured evaluation based on the DPSIR model, this approach addresses the challenges associated with ambiguous objectives and evaluation criteria, ultimately leading to more effective governance of marine resources.
