An Insight into Tungiasis: Prevalence, Risk Factors And Prevention
Abstract:
Introduction: Tungiasis is a neglected parasitic skin disease caused by the permanent penetration of the female sand flea (Tunga penetrans) in the skin of the host, mainly the lower extremities. This gradually, it can lead to severe limb deformities. Main endemic areas are sub-Saharan Africa and South America The purpose is to provide a better understanding of the spread and risk factors leading to infection among locals and tourists in these areas.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a review of the available scientific literature on PubMed, Google Scholar, AJOL, Google Scholar, Web of Science which included randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis, observational studies, prospective controlled studies and case reports.
Results and Discussion: We have established the prevalence of tungiasis and its associated risk factors for the main endemic areas of the world. The risks are associated with age, less often gender, ground floor, infrequent wearing of shoes, contact with animals and residence in rural areas. They are also relevant for tourists in these areas, who can transmit the disease to new communities. It is curious how quickly the disease can spread among people in an environment with limited resources and poor hygiene.
Conclusion: This review shows that there are still large knowledge gaps regarding the prevalence and magnitude of tungiasis in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. It is important to identify the risk factors and the main animal species acting as reservoirs.
