Age-Related Variations in some Haematological Parameters Pre- and Post-Haemodialysis Among Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients
Abstract:
Haemodialysis, as a principal form of renal replacement therapy, removes accumulated metabolic waste and excess fluid but simultaneously influences the composition and function of blood cells. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is frequently associated with haematological abnormalities, and haemodialysis may influence these parameters. This study evaluated and compared age related variations in pre- and post-haemodialysis hae matological parameters, among CKD patients attending a dialysis centre in Southern Nigeria. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 163 CKD patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. The demographic distribution of subjects was based on the following age ranges: 18–39, 40–59, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years. These age categories were applied to both the pre-dialysis and post-haemodialysis estimation of haematological parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in five (5) groups comprising 14–57 subjects per group, including both male and female participants. These age classifications are consistent with the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD guidelines, which rep resent an established and clinically acceptable standard for age-based classification of CKD patients and are commonly used in clinical practice, epidemiological studies, and hospital-based research. Venous blood samples were collected before and after haemodialysis for the assessment of haematological indices using standard protocols Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tests at a significance level of p < 0.05, with results stratified by age groups. The total white cell count, neutrophil percent, lymphocyte percent, mono cyte percent and haemoglobin concentration showed no significant difference across all age groups between pre and post haemodialysis CKD subjects (P>0.05). The eosinophil and basophils percent were significantly increased among post haemodialysis CKD in the 60-69 age range when compared with the corresponding pre haemodialysis age range (P0.05) The mean haematocit values were significantly increased across all age ranges among post haemodialysis subjects when compared with the pre haemodialysis CKD subjects (P<0.05). Haemodialysis significantly improves haemoglobin and haematocrit levels in CKD patients and age influences haematologi cal responses to dialysis. Regular monitoring of these parameters is essential for effective clinical management of CKD patients undergoing haemodialysis.
