Advancing Biomass Catalysis in Coal-to-Chemicals: Innovations and Policy Pathways for a Low-Carbon Transition
Abstract:
The transition to low-carbon energy solutions necessitates the exploration of sustainable catalytic pathways for coal-to-chemicals processes. Biomass-derived catalysts– such as ZnO, TiO₂, and Ni-based nanocatalysts– have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional catalysts, offering enhanced efficiency, reduced carbon foot print, and alignment with circular economy principles. This study employs a systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework, alongside comparative analysis and mixed-methods synthesis, to evaluate the efficiency of biomass-derived catalysts in coal-to-chemicals processes across China, India, Germany, Denmark, Brazil, Na mibia, and Ghana. Findings indicate that biomass catalysts exhibit superior catalytic activity, higher selectivity, and lower energy intensity, with notable regional variations influenced by policy frameworks, feedstock availabil ity, and technological advancements. While developed economies demonstrate higher efficiency and scalability, emerging economies face challenges related to infrastructure, investment, and regulatory frameworks. The study underscores the role of policy-driven incentives, research collaborations, and scalable frameworks in promoting biomass catalysis adoption. By integrating scientific innovation with socio-economic considerations, the findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers to accelerate the global transition to sustainable green coal-to-chemicals pathways.
