Socio-Demographic Determinants of Dietary and Medication Compliance Among Diabetic Patients in Ghana
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries were socio-economic and cultural contexts shape management outcomes. This study examined the determinants of di etary and medication compliance among diabetic patients in Ghana. A cross-sectional descriptive design was em ployed, involving 647 patients attending diabetic clinics. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests to identify associations between so cio-demographic factors and compliance behaviors. The results indicated moderate-to-good levels of both dietary (M = 3.57, SD = 0.69) and medication (M = 3.55, SD = 0.64) adherence. Compliance was significantly associated with education level, monthly income, and years since diagnosis (p < .05), whereas age and sex showed no sig nificant relationship. Socio-cultural barriers, such as traditional food preferences, social gatherings, and belief in herbal remedies, were strongly linked to poor adherence (p < .001). These findings demonstrate that dietary and medication compliance are shaped not only by individual knowledge and motivation but also by broader social and cultural influences. The study underscores the need for culturally sensitive diabetes education, socioeconom ic support mechanisms, and community-based interventions to promote sustained self-management practices. By situating diabetes care within Ghana’s socio-cultural framework, this research contributes valuable evidence for designing contextually appropriate strategies to enhance adherence and improve health outcomes among diabetic populations.
