Is Obesity a Precursor to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ? A Review Exploring Risk Factors, Lipid Profile Alterations, and Pathophysiological Links
Abstract:
Addressing a question like -is obesity a leading risk factor to type2 diabetes, raises global health concern and brings about a thought to relook at the significant risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by obe sity, plus other complications. The intricate interplay between excess adiposity, insulin resistance, and metabolic dys function underscores the progression from obesity to T2DM. This review examines the multifactorial links between these conditions, focusing on risk factors such as genetic predisposition, chronic inflammation, and environmental influences. The main aim of this review was also to examine the role of dysregulated lipid metabolism and its impact on the lipid profile, which serves as a critical biomarker in predicting T2DM risk. Key alterations, including elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, these parameters are explored in the context of their contribution to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The review further highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms, including adipokine imbalance and pro-inflammatory cyto kine secretion, that exacerbate metabolic disturbances. Understanding these interrelationships is vital for identifying high-risk individuals which may be useful for novel strategic treatment options and for personalised interventions to mitigate the burden of obesity-related T2DM.
