Advancements in Acl Reconstruction: Surgical Techniques, Graft Choices, and Rehabilitation Strategies
Abstract:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common and prevalent injuries in adults, particu larly in athletes. This review explores the evolution of ACL reconstruction techniques, focusing on advancements in surgical methods, graft choices, and rehabilitation strategies. Traditional approaches, such as hamstring auto grafts and bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) grafts, remain widely used, but emerging techniques like double-bun dle reconstruction and bio-enhanced ACL repair show promise in improving outcomes. Biological enhancements, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have demonstrated potential in ac celerating graft healing and improving long-term results. Minimally invasive and arthroscopic techniques have reduced surgical trauma, enabling faster recovery and better functional outcomes. Rehabilitation techniques and protocols have also evolved, with accelerated programs and aquatic therapy showing significant benefits in im proving the range of motion and strength and compatibility Despite many advancements and achievements in the f ield, challenges such as graft failure, re-injury, and the need for personalized treatment plans persist. Future directions include the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and wearable technology to optimize rehabilitation and monitor recovery. This review highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, combining surgical innovation, biological enhancements, and tailored rehabilitation, to improve outcomes and reduce re-injury rates in ACL reconstruction.
